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| FOM113B - Average hourly labour cost per employee, by economic activities at level of CANE Rev.3 section and division |
| Definition |
The average hourly labour cost represents the unit entire expenditure borne by the employer on labour for the hourly labour force per employee, namely:
1. Gross amounts directly paid to employees (direct expenditure):
- the amounts paid from the salary fund, net profit and other funds as specified at the average gross monthly earnings definition (matrix FOM107H);
- the amounts paid for temporary incapacity for work (excluding the amounts paid from the salary fund) from the Unique National Health Insurance Fund and Work-Related Accidents and Occupational Diseases Insurance Budget.
2. Other labour expenditure of the unit (indirect expenditure) on:
- the vocational training of employees (the expenditure incurred by the employer for the vocational training and improvement of employees in relation to the activities or in matters of health and safety at work: courses attendance and training expenditure (including the costs paid by the employer and related to the daily expenses, transport and accommodation related to the courses held outside the unit in which the participants are involved), payment of trainers who are not employees of unit, expenditure on educational materials, the amounts paid by the employer to the professional training organisations);
- employers contribution for the unemployed social protection (before 2017);
- the employment insurance contributions paid by the employers to the general consolidated budget (since 2018);
- insurance, protection and social services, as specified at the gross nominal earnings definition (matrix FOM111D);
- other labour expenditure (including the gross amounts paid board members, members of county and local councils, the amounts paid to the employees leaving the enterprise, the occupational health expenditure or testing for COVID-19 at the employer initiative, in accordance with the legal provisions in force).
In the unit labour expenditure are not included the transfers from the state budget to the employer for the stimulation of employment, by (re)employing people (for example: graduates, unemployed), respectively those granted for the time not worked (including in the context of the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and of the state of emergency/alert) as allowances from which benefit:
- the employees when their labour contract is temporary suspended at the employer initiative (technical unemployment);
- the employees parents for the days off granted in order to supervise their children, in cases of temporary closure of educational institutions;
- the employees as a result of temporary reduction of the working time (the difference between the gross basic salary stipulated in the labour contract and the gross basic salary related to the hours actually worked as a result of the working time reduction). |
| Periodicity |
Annual |
| Data sources |
Labour cost survey details |
| Methodology |
The objective of the annual labour cost survey is to provides the necessary elements for the calculation of the gross, net, monthly and hourly earnings broken down by national economy activity, ownership type, legal form, employee category, sex, macroregion, development region and county.
In 2025 it was conducted on a sample of about 26900 economic and social operators, from all enterprise size classes, irrespective of the employee number. The economic units with 50 or more employees are exhaustively surveyed. The units of the "budgetary sector" are exhaustively surveyed, except for local public administration units for which the data on local communal councils are collected based on a representative sample at county level (about 820 units). Armed forces and similar staff (the Ministry of National Defence, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Romanian Intelligence Service etc.) are excluded.
Starting with the reference year 2013, in order to improve the quality estimates and to increase the overall response rate, estimation methods were applied, by imputing the missing data from the statistical survey with the data reported in administrative sources ("Declaration on payment obligations related to social contributions, the income tax and nominal records of insured persons (D112)", owned by National Agency for Fiscal Administration). The imputation rate is under 10%. Type of non-response taken into account: refusal, units not identified, units not contacted, dormant or insolvency units at the end of the reference period (that reported data in administrative sources).
In order to improve the reliability of the data at county (NUTS3) and CANE Rev.3 division (2 digits) level, the survey sample was extended by economic units belonging to the size class below 50 employees, for which methods of estimating the statistical indicators from administrative sources were applied ("Declaration on payment obligations related to social contributions, the income tax and nominal records of insured persons (D112)").
Data centralization by activity of the national economy was performed by the main activity of the enterprise.
The average hourly labour cost is calculated as a ratio between the unit's expenditure on paid labour and the number of man-hours paid over the year.
As a result of a new Classification of Activities in the National Economy (CANE Rev. 3 - developed in accordance with the provisions of the Commission delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/137 amending Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2) entering into force and as a consequence, the updating of the activity carried out by the economic agents, starting with the reference year 2025, INS collects, produces and disseminates statistical indicators based on this classification.
In order to ensure the comparability with previous periods, the data related to the year 2024 regarding the number of employees on december 31, average number of employees, gross nominal earnings, net nominal earnings and the average monthly labour cost per employee were estimated in accordance with CANE Rev.3 classification. The estimation method applied is based on a CANE Rev.2 - CANE Rev.3 conversion matrix, used for recoding active statistical units in the Statistical Register of Enterprises. The collection of information on CANE Rev.3 was achieved by using multiple data sources both administrative and statistical, with the aim of improving the quality of statistical data and ensuring a complete coverage of all of CANE Rev.3 classes. The conversion matrix thus constructed ensures methodological coherence and comparability of statistical data series. |
| Last update |
OCT 13, 2026 |
| Observations |
Data are available since 2024.
For the period 2008 - 2024 according to CANE Rev.2 data are found in the matrix FOM113A. |
| Continuation |
This matrix represents a continuation of the FOM113A matrix, containing data up to Year 2024. |
| Responsible person |
Popescu Diana Elena; e-mail:diana.popescu@insse.ro; int 2281 |
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